We found no public record of power for 129 of 252 active US data center announcements

Exhibit C lists the 15 largest announcements with no record of power found, Exhibit D the 10 largest with one and the record type that backs each, and Exhibit E the split by state.

The finding above covers 252 announcements. The sections below cover all 3,790 campuses: stage, power, metros, states, withdrawals and moratoriums.

The dataset covers 3,790 campuses in 50 states plus PR and DC; 976 are confirmed by two or more independent source types, and 2,236 buildings of 20,000 square feet or more sit at their record locations (1,180 campuses). 501 projects are known only from a press announcement.

Each dot is a campus, colored by stage. Open a campus to see the public records behind it, with links. Filter by stage, operator type, state and reported power. Hollow markers are approximate positions (988 campuses placed at a town center). Network and carrier facilities are a separate layer, off by default.

1,686 campuses are operating (44%) and 797 are at an earlier stage. Each campus sits at the highest stage any of its public records proves, from a codename or land option up to an operating facility. 113 are under construction or partly energized and 219 hold a permit. 734 campuses appear in an inventory or news report but have no record that sets a stage; they are counted in totals and shown on the map, but not in the pipeline. A further 501 projects are known only from a press announcement, with no filing found (Exhibit 1c); they are also kept out of the pipeline.

Power figures are reported in 7 different ways, and each is shown on its own. A utility contract, a utility request, a critical IT load, a generator permit and a developer’s announcement measure different things, often for the same campus, so they are never added together. 201 campuses have a stated critical IT load, 118 a contracted utility figure and 107 a utility request. Announced figures are the developer’s claim.

Estimate: 10,586.6 MW of critical IT load across 912 campuses that do not state one (estimated range 4,774.3 MW to 19,383.8 MW). This is a Moraine estimate, not a reported figure, and it is never added to the stated power figures in the section above.

The estimate multiplies each campus’s building footprint (Overture Maps building footprints at the campus’s record locations, in square feet) by the watts per square foot observed at operating campuses that state both a critical IT load and a footprint. The low, middle and high estimates use the 25th percentile, median and 75th percentile of that density.

The estimates for colocation campuses use the colocation density (85 campuses). Hyperscale and all other campuses use the national density (92 campuses), because too few hyperscale campuses publish both an IT load and a footprint. A footprint counts one floor: multistory buildings and unbuilt phases push the estimate low, and buildings with large non-IT space push it high.

Washington leads with 427 campuses, 210 of them in the pipeline (26% of the national pipeline). Phoenix has 183, Dallas has 156, Chicago has 151. Metros are 2023 core-based statistical areas, assigned from each campus’s coordinates; 1,777 campuses lie outside the 25 metros listed here.

Virginia has 249 of the 797 pipeline campuses (31%). Texas has 134 and New York has 57; the three together hold 55%. Campuses are recorded in 50 states and Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. Counts depend on what each state and county publishes (see known gaps).

212 projects on the record were withdrawn, blocked, cancelled, paused or halted by a local moratorium. 103 withdrawn, 82 blocked, 24 paused, 9 moratorium, 5 cancelled. 140 of the 212 are known only from press reports. 45 are in Virginia. A withdrawn case records the end of that application only.

734 local moratorium instruments on data centers, each verified against its source: 470 enacted, 53 extended, 156 proposed, 32 rejected, 13 expired, 5 lifted, 5 replaced. 523 are recorded as in force (enacted or extended). That is an upper bound: 174 carry no enactment or expiry date, so a short pause that has lapsed can still be counted, and 3 carry an expiry date before 2026-10-09. The most in force are in Michigan (46), Ohio (41), Georgia (33), North Carolina (32), Wisconsin (26).

272 campuses in the dataset sit inside the boundary of a moratorium in force. 187 are operating, which a moratorium does not reach. 14 hold an approval dated before the moratorium was enacted. 12 may need an approval while it is in force (Exhibit 7b). 59 have no public record that sets a stage.

How the moratorium test works. Instruments were compiled from local government records and news. Each was verified against its source article or ordinance: confirmed against the source news article, 645; corrected on review (status, date or jurisdiction), 64; confirmed by a separate web check of the jurisdiction’s record, 21; confirmed against the ordinance or official record, 4. Reports with only a headline were not published. Boundaries are Census 2023 counties, places and county subdivisions. A county instrument is applied only to unincorporated land unless it says otherwise. Campuses placed only at a town center are left out of the test.

Full method notes: methodology (Markdown).